migrate-mongo

migrate-mongo is a database migration tool for MongoDB running in Node.js

Installation

$ npm install -g migrate-mongo

CLI Usage

$ migrate-mongo
Usage: migrate-mongo [options] [command]


  Commands:

    init                  initialize a new migration project
    create seppevs/migrate-mongo  create a new database migration with the provided description
    up [options]          run all unapplied database migrations
    down [options]        undo the last applied database migration
    status [options]      print the changelog of the database

  Options:

    -h, --help     output usage information
    -V, --version  output the version number

Basic Usage

Initialize a new project

Make sure you have Node.js 10 (or higher) installed.
Create a directory where you want to store your migrations for your mongo database (eg. ‘albums’ here) and cd into it

$ mkdir albums-migrations
$ cd albums-migrations

Initialize a new migrate-mongo project

$ migrate-mongo init
Initialization successful. Please edit the generated migrate-mongo-config.js file

The above command did two things:

create a sample ‘migrate-mongo-config.js’ file and
create a ‘migrations’ directory

Edit the migrate-mongo-config.js file. An object or promise can be returned. Make sure you change the mongodb url:

// In this file you can configure migrate-mongo

module.exports = {
  mongodb: {
    // TODO Change (or review) the url to your MongoDB:
    url: "mongodb://localhost:27017",

    // TODO Change this to your database name:
    databaseName: "YOURDATABASENAME",

    options: {
      useNewUrlParser: true // removes a deprecation warning when connecting
      //   connectTimeoutMS: 3600000, // increase connection timeout to 1 hour
      //   socketTimeoutMS: 3600000, // increase socket timeout to 1 hour
    }
  },

  // The migrations dir, can be an relative or absolute path. Only edit this when really necessary.
  migrationsDir: "migrations",

  // The mongodb collection where the applied changes are stored. Only edit this when really necessary.
  changelogCollectionName: "changelog",

  // The file extension to create migrations and search for in migration dir 
  migrationFileExtension: ".js",

  // Enable the algorithm to create a checksum of the file contents and use that in the comparison to determin
  // if the file should be run.  Requires that scripts are coded to be run multiple times.
  useFileHash: false
};

Alternatively, you can also encode your database name in the url (and leave out the databaseName property):

        url: "mongodb://localhost:27017/YOURDATABASE",

Creating a new migration script

To create a new database migration script, just run the migrate-mongo create seppevs/migrate-mongo command.
For example:

$ migrate-mongo create blacklist_the_beatles
Created: migrations/20160608155948-blacklist_the_beatles.js

A new migration file is created in the ‘migrations’ directory:

module.exports = {
  up(db, client) {
    // TODO write your migration here. Return a Promise (and/or use async & await).
    // See https://github.com/seppevs/migrate-mongo/#creating-a-new-migration-script
    // Example:
    // return db.collection('albums').updateOne({artist: 'The Beatles'}, {$set: {blacklisted: true}});
  },

  down(db, client) {
    // TODO write the statements to rollback your migration (if possible)
    // Example:
    // return db.collection('albums').updateOne({artist: 'The Beatles'}, {$set: {blacklisted: false}});
  }
};

Edit this content so it actually performs changes to your database. Don’t forget to write the down part as well.
The db object contains the official MongoDB db object
The client object is a MongoClient instance (which you can omit if you don’t use it).
There are 3 options to implement the up and down functions of your migration:

Return a Promises
Use async-await
Call a callback (DEPRECATED!)

Always make sure the implementation matches the function signature:

function up(db, client) { /* */ } should return Promise
function async up(db, client) { /* */ } should contain await keyword(s) and return Promise
function up(db, client, next) { /* */ } should callback next

Example 1: Return a Promise

module.exports = {
  up(db) {
    return db.collection('albums').updateOne({artist: 'The Beatles'}, {$set: {blacklisted: true}});
  },

  down(db) {
    return db.collection('albums').updateOne({artist: 'The Beatles'}, {$set: {blacklisted: false}});
  }
};

Example 2: Use async & await

Async & await is especially useful if you want to perform multiple operations against your MongoDB in one migration.

module.exports = {
  async up(db) {
    await db.collection('albums').updateOne({artist: 'The Beatles'}, {$set: {blacklisted: true}});
    await db.collection('albums').updateOne({artist: 'The Doors'}, {$set: {stars: 5}});
  },

  async down(db) {
    await db.collection('albums').updateOne({artist: 'The Doors'}, {$set: {stars: 0}});
    await db.collection('albums').updateOne({artist: 'The Beatles'}, {$set: {blacklisted: false}});
  },
};

Example 3: Call a callback (deprecated)

Callbacks are supported for backwards compatibility.
New migration scripts should be written using Promises and/or async & await. It’s easier to read and write.

module.exports = {
  up(db, callback) {
    return db.collection('albums').updateOne({artist: 'The Beatles'}, {$set: {blacklisted: true}}, callback);
  },

  down(db, callback) {
    return db.collection('albums').updateOne({artist: 'The Beatles'}, {$set: {blacklisted: false}}, callback);
  }
};

Overriding the sample migration

To override the content of the sample migration that will be created by the create command,
create a file sample-migration.js in the migrations directory.

Checking the status of the migrations

At any time, you can check which migrations are applied (or not)

$ migrate-mongo status
┌─────────────────────────────────────────┬────────────┐
│ Filename                                │ Applied At │
├─────────────────────────────────────────┼────────────┤
│ 20160608155948-blacklist_the_beatles.js │ PENDING    │
└─────────────────────────────────────────┴────────────┘

Migrate up

This command will apply all pending migrations

$ migrate-mongo up
MIGRATED UP: 20160608155948-blacklist_the_beatles.js

If an an error occurred, it will stop and won’t continue with the rest of the pending migrations
If we check the status again, we can see the last migration was successfully applied:

$ migrate-mongo status
┌─────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────┐
│ Filename                                │ Applied At               │
├─────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ 20160608155948-blacklist_the_beatles.js │ 2016-06-08T20:13:30.415Z │
└─────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────┘

Migrate down

With this command, migrate-mongo will revert (only) the last applied migration

$ migrate-mongo down
MIGRATED DOWN: 20160608155948-blacklist_the_beatles.js

If we check the status again, we see that the reverted migration is pending again:

$ migrate-mongo status
┌─────────────────────────────────────────┬────────────┐
│ Filename                                │ Applied At │
├─────────────────────────────────────────┼────────────┤
│ 20160608155948-blacklist_the_beatles.js │ PENDING    │
└─────────────────────────────────────────┴────────────┘

Advanced Features

Using a custom config file

All actions (except init) accept an optional -f or --file option to specify a path to a custom config file.
By default, migrate-mongo will look for a migrate-mongo-config.js config file in of the current directory.

Example:

$ migrate-mongo status -f '~/configs/albums-migrations.js'
┌─────────────────────────────────────────┬────────────┐
│ Filename                                │ Applied At │
├─────────────────────────────────────────┼────────────┤
│ 20160608155948-blacklist_the_beatles.js │ PENDING    │
└─────────────────────────────────────────┴────────────┘

Using npm packages in your migration scripts

You can use use Node.js modules (or require other modules) in your migration scripts.
It’s even possible to use npm modules, just provide a package.json file in the root of your migration project:

$ cd albums-migrations
$ npm init --yes

Now you have a package.json file, and you can install your favorite npm modules that might help you in your migration scripts.
For example, one of the very useful promise-fun npm modules.

Using ESM (ECMAScript Modules) instead of CommonJS

Since…